Alexander Bain

Bain on neural networks.

In his book Mind and body (1873), Bain set out an account in which he related the processes of associative memory to the distribution of activity in neural groupings--or neural networks as they are now termed. In the course of this account, Bain anticipated certain aspects of connectionist ideas that are normally attributed to 20th-century authors--most notably Hebb (1949). In this paper we rep...

Rebreathing and the bain circuit

increase upon being told that the child had eaten a few hours ago. I knew enough to realize that this was a bad thing! The surgeon and his assistant assured me that they would monitor my performance closely and I was not to be concerned. "Don't worry," they said. I placed several layers of gauze on the appropriate frame, held it over the patient's face and began to drop ether onto the gauze. It...

Spontaneous ventilation with the Bain anaesthetic system.

Measurements of ventilation and of inspired gas composition were made while volunteers breathed a non-anaesthetic gas through a Bain anaesthetic system. It was found that rebreathing occurred when the fresh gas flow was between two-and-a-half and three times the minute volume. Fresh gas flows at least three times the minute volume appear to be necessary to prevent rebreathing when using this sy...

Alexander Ogilvy

Alexander M

As a former student of Professor Ostrowski—one of his last— I am delighted to recall here the life and work of one of the great mathematicians of the 20th century. Needless to say that, in view of Ostrowski’s immense and vastly diverse mathematical legacy, this can be done only in a most summary fashion. Further literature on Ostrowski can be found in some of the references at the end of this a...